EU Regulations
New EU PET rules set to increase
costs for thousands of companies
The European Commission has
approved new rules on how recycled
plastic content in PET bottles is to
be calculated, verified and reported.
Around 3,000 companies are
expected to face additional costs as a
result of the changes.
a complementary solution for waste streams
that are difficult to handle mechanically.
Traceability is being strengthened
throughout the supply chain, and companies must retain their supporting documentation for at least five years. Certain companies involved in chemical recycling must
also undergo annual external verification at
their facilities.
THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION has adopted
new rules on how recycled plastic content
in PET beverage bottles is to be calculated,
verified and reported. For the first time,
chemically recycled material is also covered
through an EU-wide mass-balance methodology an accounting method that tracks
the amount of recycled material through
the production process even when the
material cannot be physically traced to a
specific product.
At the same time, recyclers, converters,
fillers and importers will face new requirements for traceability and documentation.
The new rules replace the implementing
decision adopted in 2023, which was primarily based on mechanically recycled PET
for food contact. The background is an EU
requirement for PET beverage bottles to
contain at least 25 percent recycled plastic
from 2025 and all single-use plastic bottles
to contain 30 percent from 2030. The new
decision applies to PET bottles; rules for
other types of plastic bottles will be addressed under the EU Packaging and Packaging
Waste Regulation (PPWR).
THE BIGGEST CHANGE is that recycling pro-
cesses in which the chemical structure of
the plastic is broken down can also contribute to the reported amount of recycled
material. When recycled feedstock is mixed
with other material, companies must use
the mass-balance accounting method.
Material that is converted into fuel or lost
during the process cannot be counted. The
mass-balance period may not exceed three
months, and the balance must never
become negative. Allocated quantities may
not be transferred between different facilities or companies.
The decision also clarifies what qualifies
as recycled plastic. Only material derived
from plastic waste generated after a product has been placed on the market can be
counted. Production scrap and other waste
from manufacturing, testing, storage and
other handling before market introduction
is excluded.
50
FOR MICRO, SMALL and medium-sized
With clearer rules
for chemically
recycled content, we
are giving industry
the certainty it
needs to invest in
and develop new
technologies.
Jessika Roswall, European Commissioner
For the PET bottle, all plastic components must be included in the calculation.
This means that plastic labels and sleeves
are also counted alongside the bottle body,
cap and closure, while components made
of, for example, paper are excluded.
AT THE SAME time, the Commission makes
clear that the new rules do not mean that
chemical and mechanical recycling are considered equivalent from an environmental
perspective. The decision states that
mechanical recycling is generally preferable
and that plastic which can be mechanically
recycled should, in principle, not be sent for
chemical recycling if the mechanical process can produce material with equivalent
quality or technical properties.
Chemical recycling is instead described as
enterprises, verification is required every
three years. Authorities in the Member States will, in turn, check the information and
report the results to the Commission.
The Commission estimates that around
6,000 companies across the EU are part of
the affected PET value chain, with approximately 3,000 facing new costs related to
declarations and reporting. The one-off
cost of adapting procedures and systems is
estimated at a total of 763,200 euros.
Ongoing internal reporting is estimated to
cost 95,400 euros per year, while external
verification for the chemical recyclers concerned is expected to add a further 225,000
euros, bringing recurring costs for companies to around 320,400 euros per year.
For authorities in the 27 Member States,
the cost is estimated at 400,000 euros for
system adaptations, followed by approximately 200,000 euros per year.
INITIALLY, RECYCLED PLASTIC from within
the EU can be counted towards the target.
From 21 November 2027, this will be extended to material recycled in OECD countries, subject to the restrictions arising from
EU rules on waste shipments. Material
from other countries may be counted where
the EU has agreements or arrangements in
place ensuring equivalent requirements for
waste management, environmental protection and health.
The Commission is to review the methodology as a whole by 1 January 2030 at the latest.
With clearer rules for chemically recycled
content, we are giving industry the certainty
it needs to invest in and develop new technologies. This is a concrete step towards
supporting the sector, complementing
mechanical recycling and advancing technologies such as chemical recycling, said Jessika Roswall, European Commissioner for
Environment, Water Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy, in a statement.
ISABELLE NORDSTRÖM
JOHAN JÄRUP
Plastforum 5 2026
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